Frederik Hendrik Kaemmerer (The Hague, October 23, 1839 – Paris, April 4, 1902) was an important Dutch artist of the second half of the 19th century who transitioned from romantic‑academic painting to a more impressionistic approach to light and color. He received his training at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague, where he studied under Salomon Leonardus Verveer. In his early period, his work was closely aligned with the Hague School, with a focus on landscapes inspired by the surroundings of Oosterbeek in Gelderland. In 1865, Kaemmerer moved to Paris and enrolled at the Académie des Beaux‑Arts, where he studied under Jean‑Léon Gérôme. Under Gérôme’s guidance, he developed a more academic painting style, specializing in genre scenes with 18th‑century French themes. His depictions of elegant ladies in silk dresses, often accompanied by courteous gentlemen, were highly appreciated in Paris. He exhibited for the first time at the Paris Salon in 1870 and won a medal there in 1874, further establishing his international reputation. Although he lived in Paris, Kaemmerer frequently traveled back to the Netherlands, including visits to the beach at Scheveningen. These trips influenced his style; he became interested in the direct observation of light and atmosphere, resulting in a freer brushwork and a shift toward impressionism. During this period, he captured fleeting impressions of beach scenes, skies, and the dynamics of movement and wind. Kaemmerer was a prolific artist who enjoyed success with exhibitions in both France and the Netherlands. In addition to his genre paintings, he gained recognition as a portrait painter, particularly in Paris. In 1889, he was awarded a silver medal at the Paris World Exhibition and was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in the same year. From 1891 to 1898, he also worked as an illustrator and editorial contributor for Elsevier’s Geïllustreerd Maandschrift, visually illustrating Dutch literature, including works by Louis Couperus. Kaemmerer’s works are held in major collections in the Netherlands and abroad, including the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, the Kröller‑Müller Museum, the Musée des Beaux‑Arts in Mulhouse, and the Clark Art Institute in the United States. His oeuvre encompasses landscapes, genre scenes, portraits, and illustrations, reflecting his development from romantic and academic painting to an impressionistic approach to light and atmosphere.